6. Pantluci
6.1 Overview
Pantluci (English [pæn"t(S)ôu:.ki]; Pantluci ["p˘an.tì
<
U.ci]) is an ex-
perimental constructed language designed to explore the bound-
aries of what a human-usable language can be. It uses a breadth-
rst-search-inspired heavily esoteric grammar unlike most if not all
pre-existing languages. To oset this unfamiliarity, Pantluci uses
a streamline grammar that aims to minimize the cognitive load for
both speakers and listeners.
The language rst began in late June 2021 after various sketches
of potential breadth-rst languages inspired by xkcd 2407. Origi-
nally, it used a modied consonant inventory from unrelated lan-
guage sketches from December 2020, a vowel inventory copied from
Lojban, a tone system copied from Láadan, and a grammar system
heavily inspired by toki pona. However, by early 2022, most of these
inuences were largely obscured by revisions to the language in an
attempt to minimize the chances of sound changes, and attempts
were made to reduce the wide variety of grammatical particles.
The language was developed beginning in late June 2021 after
various sketches of potential breadth-rst languages inspired by
xkcd 2407. Originally, it used a modied consonant inventory from
unrelated language sketches from December 2020, a vowel inventory
copied from Lojban, a tone system copied from Láadan, and a
grammar system heavily inspired by toki pona. However, by early
2022, most of these inuences were largely obscured by revisions
to the language in an attempt to minimize the chances of sound
changes. The wide variety of grammatical particles were reduced as
much as possible.
By mid-June 2022, the sole particle used in the language became
extremely repetitive, which became a larger and larger problem,
forcing a redo of the morphology and phonology to allow for redu-
plication and a greater focus on aesthetics. By July 2022, the
language had expanded into a research project exploring esoteric
languages in general, with the language being used as an example.
The phonology was once again scrapped and rebuilt with a focus on
lling the same purpose as the grammar.
By January 2023, its minimal inventory had made reduplication
obnoxiously repetitive, so it was changed to a rst vowel umlaut sys-
tem that mirrored the recently implemented compounding system.
By May 2023, the scientic nature of the exploration was abandoned
in favor of a more artistic approach in order to better appeal to
the author’s strengths and target audience. Over the course of
its development it went through the names Hýyban ([ç´@.`@.b
`
¨an]),
23
24 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
Hoóban ([çˇoi
“
.b
`
¨an]), Hoóba ([çˇoi
“
.b
`
¨a]), Tsohci ([ts
<
o:.c
h
i), and now
Pantluci (["p˘an.tì
<
U.ci]).
Pantluci is intended to explore and challenge many linguistic
theories and assumptions that claim the existence of some form of
fundamental or underlying genetic language or grammar beyond
pragmatic optimization. Ascribing what I believe to be the result
of historical context to biological traits. It acts as a language
outside of the typical linguistic standards, and violates most re-
strictive proposed systems, so if it can be learned to uency then
those theories are likely inaccurate. While Pantluci is a project
with countless hours of work behind it, it is an art piece designed
to ask questions, not an experiment with continued independent
reproduction designed to answer them. Additionally, it exists to
be test the practicality of its weirdness, so there will never be an
ocially supported prescribed standard for Pantluci. Speakers will
be encouraged to speak how they feel best suits the language.
This description of the language will not fully explain or docu-
ment every aspect of the language. However, it should serve as a
sucient baseline to demonstrate the viability of the language and
potentially generate interest.
Finally, this document serves not only to describe the language
itself, but also the process and reasoning used to create it. No art
piece can stand truly devoid of context, so this required context may
may as well be an opportunity used to inform and inspire others.
6.2 Phonology
6.2.1 Inventory
The smallest documented consonant inventory in any natural lan-
guage is found in the Proto-Lakes Plain Language, which has a
mere ve consonants.
1
If reconstructed languages are ignored, the
smallest inventories are in Iau, Kirikiri, Obokuitai, and Rotokas,
1
Clouse, Duane A. “Towards a Reconstruction and Reclassication of
the Lakes Plain Languages of Irian Jaya.” Papers in Papuan Linguistics,
no. 2 (1996): 133-236.
6.2. PHONOLOGY 25
all with six consonants.
2, 3, 4, 5
This should be sucient evidence
to show that, although unusual, Pantluci’s consonant inventory is
not unreasonably small. A three-vowel system is common enough
and should require no justication. While the combination of a
small consonant and vowel inventory may seem unusual, Pirahã also
shares this characteristic with eight consonants and three vowels.
6
This phonology is reasonable to exist but nearly impossible to
evolve, as any mergers that would create a phoneme inventory this
small would likely would destroy the lexicon beyond a reasonable
state. In other words, this phonology is functional but exceedingly
unlikely to ever exist naturally, exactly the purpose of the language.
Table 6.1: Consonants
Labial Alveolar Dorsal
Voiceless p t
k xcy
Voiced m xny d xly
Table 6.2: Vowels
Front Back
Close i u
Open a
2
Bateman, Janet. 1990. Iau segmental and tone phonology. NUSA:
Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 32.
29–42.
3
Foley, William A. (2018). “The languages of Northwest New Guinea”.
In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea
Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin:
De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568.
4
Jenison, Scott; Jenison, Priscilla (1991). “Obokuitai phonology”.
Workpapers in Indonesian languages and cultures. 9: 69–90
5
Firchow, Irwin, and Jacqueline Firchow. “An Abbreviated Phoneme
Inventory.”Anthropological Linguistics 11, no. 9 (1969): 271–276
6
Everett, Daniel L. “Pirahã.” Handbook of Amazonian Languages 1,
(1986): 200-325.
26 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
6.2.2 Allophony
Consonants
/p/
When in front of another stop, ejectivize it.
/pka/ Ñ ["p’ka], ["p’ga]
/t/
When in front of another stop and syllable initial, weaken to [s].
This takes priority over the next rule.
/tta/ Ñ ["sta]
When after another stop, weaken to [T]. May be pronounced syllab-
ically.
/pta/ Ñ ["pTa], ["pT
"
a]
When not word initial and in front of a [d] or non syllabic [l] they
combine to to [tì
<
].
/tdatda/ Ñ ["zda.tì
<
@]
When in front of a [j] palatalize it to [tS
<
].
/tia/ Ñ ["tS
<
ja]
When [s] is in front of a palatalized /t/, palatalize it too.
/ttia/ Ñ ["StS
<
ja]
When [s] is in front of /d/, voice it.
/tda/ Ñ ["zda]
6.2. PHONOLOGY 27
/k/
Does not contrast for voice.
/ka/ Ñ ["ka], ["ga]
When in front of another stop, ejectivize it.
/kpa/ Ñ ["k’pa]
When in front of /i/, palatalize it.
/ki/ Ñ ["ci], ["éi]
/m/
When an onset, strengthen to [b], unless it follows [p’], [s], or [T],
in which case it becomes [n].
/matma/ Ñ ["ba.sn@]
When a coda, assimilate place of articulation of the following onset.
(If possible)
/amta/ Ñ ["h˘an.t@]
/d/
When following an open syllable, and preceding a syllabic vowel,
weaken to
[R]
.
/ada/ Ñ ["a.R@]
When following a stop, weaken to [l].
/pda/ Ñ ["pla]
When a nucleus, weaken to [@~/ô
"
] unless it follows /p/, [d], or [@~/ô
"
],
in which case it weakens to [l
"
], [MAYBE? CONSIDER THIS LAST
PART]or word initially following a word ending in a weakened vowel
in which case it becomes [R@~/Rô
"
].
/titi d md d/ Ñ ["ti.tI Rô
"
bô
"
.l
"
]
28 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
Vowels
Monophthongs in closed syllables shorten.
/an/ Ñ ["h˘am]
/a.i/ combines into [aj].
/ai/ Ñ ["haj]
/a.u/ combines into [aw].
/au/ Ñ ["haw]
/u.i/ combines into [oj].
/ui/ Ñ ["çoj]
Other vowel sequences not resolved by vowels weakening into glides
are broken up by inserting an epenthetic consonant between each
vowel pair. If the second vowel in the pair is /a/ insert [h]. If it is
/i/, or /u/ insert [ç]. Treat the start of a word as though it were a
vowel for the sake of this rule.
/iua/ Ñ ["çi.çU.ha]
/a/
When unstressed in an open syllable, weaken to [@], unless it is part
of a diphthong.
/ata/ Ñ ["ha.t@]
/i/
When unstressed, weaken to [I], unless it follows /k/, [j], [û
Ţ
].
/atuiti/ Ñ ["ha.tû
Ţ
i.tI]
When followed by a vowel and preceded by a vowel, /b/, [t], or
[tS
<
] weaken to [j]. The case where it is surrounded by vowels takes
priority, and supersedes the forming of diphthongs.
/biiibiaia/ Ñ ["bi.ji.bj@.j@]
6.3. GRAMMAR 29
/u/
When unstressed, weaken to [U], unless it follows [w].
/atuuu/ Ñ ["ha.tU.wu]
When followed by a vowel and preceded by a vowel, or voiced
consonant, weaken to [w]. The case where it is surrounded by vowels
takes priority, and supersedes the forming of diphthongs.
/duuuduaua/ Ñ ["du.wu.dwa.wa]
When followed by a vowel and preceded by an unvoiced consonant
weaken to [û
Ţ
]. The previous rule takes priority.
/tuuutuu/ Ñ ["tu.wu.tû
Ţ
U]
6.2.3 Morphology
Syllables in Pantluci’s roots may be analyzed as CVm, (an optional
consonant + a vowel + an optional nasal coda). However, any
number of /p/, /t/, and /k/ may precede a syllable. The sequences
/pp/, and /kk/ do not occur. Null onsets may not follow a closed
syllable. Stress rests on the rst syllable.
Content words in Pantluci undergo ablaut in order to denote
the grammatical structure of the sentence. This process consists of
replacing the rst vowel sequence with /a/ if there are 0 preceding
nodes (see section 6.3.1), /i/ if there is one, then as the number increases
/u/, /ai/, /au/, /aia/, /aua/, etc.
pantluci Ñ pintluci Ñ puntluci Ñ paintluci Ñ ...
Interjections have any other intial vowel sequence:
/aa/, /ia/, /ii/, /iu/, /ua/, /ui/, /uu/, etc.
6.3 Grammar
6.3.1 syntax
Pantlucian grammar is syntactically very simple, relying on only a hand-
ful of rules: A “node” is an imaginary word that is inserted before words
depending on ablaut. Nodes always require exactly two arguments and
other words never accept any arguments. Words always ll the oldest
unlled argument slot. Only meaningful combinations of word types may
legally ll the slots of a node.
What this means is that in an English sentence like:
(formatted to more cleanly mirror Panltuian grammar)
30 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
S
NP
someone small
VP
VP
VP
goes south
now
PP
using NP
something green
The words are read top to bottom left to right, or in other words generally
the path of the sentence goes as deep as possible into a branch before
moving to the right to the next branch. whereas the same sentence in
panltuci which has a similar tree:
S
NP
painu pati
VP
VP
VP
cina tatu
nain
PP
pla NP
ta ll tlana
This is instead read left to right top to bottom: painu pati nain pla cina
tatu ta ll tlana
. Reading it this way shows that the branching nodes
in this tree are the same as the the grammatical nodes in the sentence.
There are none before pati, pla, tatu, ta ll or tlana, one before cina, and
three before painu and nain. Notice that each of these groups have the
same initial vowel sequence, as the number of preceding nodes is what
determines that vowel.
6.3.2 Roots
The very rst word (including nodes) of every sentence regardless of its
other types is a root. Roots dene the actual claim of the sentence. If
6.3. GRAMMAR 31
it is a nominal, it asserted to either exist, be contextually relevant, or
answer a question.
(1) A
"ha
1
‘I am.’
tilani
tilapu
cin ana
(2) tilani
"ta.R@.bI
NOUN.cat
tilapu
"ti.R@.pU
VERB.purple
cin
"c˘ım
ADV.can
ana.
"ha.b@
NEG
‘Cats cannot be purple.’
= = ALL EXAMPLES ARE OUT
OF DATE VOCAB WISE BUT
NOT GRAMMAR WISE = = If
it is a verb are asserted to either happen, be contextually relevant, or
answer a question.
(3) caca.
"ka.k@
many
‘There is a lot.’
alin lana
puca
(4) puca
"pu.k@
VERB.ADV.2
alin
"ha.R˘Im
love
lana.
"da.b@
real
‘You are truely loved.’
If it is another type, it is asserted to clarify, correct a previous sentence,
or answer a question.
(5) lata.
"da.t@
barely
‘sorta...’
lita ala
lana
(6) lita
"di.t@
ADV.barely
ala.
"ha.R@
NEG
lana.
"da.b@
real
‘Not sorta. Totally!’
32 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
6.3.3 Noun Phrases
Noun phrase refer to nameable, identiable concepts. In English nouns
are described as person, places, or things, but that fails to adequately
capture the scope of nouns (both in English and Pantluci). Take for
example the word “challenge” (or Pantlici’s “linu lanla”). It certainly
is not a person, or a place, and its not really a “thing”, yet it is still
a noun. However, challenges can be named and identied such as “The
Great British Bake O” or “Jessica’s chess tournament”. These names
themselves behave the same grammatically as the more vague “challenge,”
so these names are also included within the same category.
7
Noun phrases may consist of a single word if it is a noun, pronoun,
or name:
(7) lalu.
"da.dU
person
‘someone’ / ‘There is some-
one.’
(8) apaca.
"ha.p@.k@
12
‘us (including you)’ / ‘We
(including you) exist.’
Noun phrases may consist of a smaller noun phrase with a predicate
phrase attached to it to describe or modify the smaller noun phrase in
some way. The noun is a typically an experiencer, theme, or patient of
the verb attached to it, but some verbs may ignore this pattern. This
noun is referred to as the subject:
tinu caca
(9) tinu
"ti.bU
NP.room
caca.
"ka.k@
many
‘many rooms’ /
‘There’s a lot of
rooms.’
cincli
picli cati
(10) cincli
"ciN.kli
NP.concrete
picli
"pi.kli
VP.break
cati
"ka.ti
plant
‘concrete broken by plants’ /
‘Plants break concrete.’
Noun phrases may consist of a smaller noun phrase with a pronouns
attached acting as a determiner, when the pronoun has an NP attached
to it, it acts as a verb with meaning dened per word:
7
This is an oversimplication, in reality no language has this level of
clear cut boundaries, nor do all languages share the same categories, but
it is sucient for the sake of this document.
6.3. GRAMMAR 33
lini apa
(11) lini
"di.mI
NP.name
apa.
"ha.p@
1
‘my name’ / ‘I have a name.’
citi
ipa ta
(12) citi
"ci.ti
NP.plant
ipa
"çi.p@
VP.1
ta
"ta
3
‘the plant it made mine’ /
‘It gave me a plant.’
ti apa
(13) ti
"ti
NP.3
apa.
"ha.p@
1
‘my one of those’ / ‘It’s
mine.’
ti
ipa ta
(14) ti
"ti
NP.3
ipa
"çi.p@
VP.1
ta.
"ta
3
‘the one of those it gave me’
/ ‘It makes it mine.’
pincu acu
(15) pincu
"piN.kU
NP.part
acu.
"ha.kU
what
‘which part’ / ‘Which part?’
pincu
icu ta
(16) pincu
"piN.kU
NP.part
icu
"hi.kU
VP.what
ta.
"ta
3
‘the part it chose’ / ‘It
chooses which part’
Finally, noun phrases may consist of a smaller noun phrase with an
adverbial phrase attached to it to alter the literal meaning of the noun
phrase:
paincu lana
cani caca
(17) paincu
"pajN.kU
NP.NP.part
lana
"da.b@
real
cini
"ka.bI
AP.can
caca.
"ka.k@
very
‘very likely genuine part’ / ‘It is
almost certainly a real part.’
cinuin ala
(18) cinuin
"ki.bw˘Im
NP.rock
ala.
"ha.R@
NEG
‘false-rock’ / ‘It’s not
stone.’
34 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
6.3.4 Verb and Predicate Phrases
Verb and predicate phrases both refer to conceptual relationships between
nouns. These relationships may be actions, states of being, events, or any-
thing else that exists dened by what it aects and how. The dierence
between the two is that verb phrases can be modied by ad-phrases, and
may turn into a predicate phrase by having an object attached, but a
predicate cannot. This means that verbs can only take one subject and
one object and that conjunctions must be used for multiple.
Verb phrases may consist of a single word if it is a verb or adverb or
a smaller verb phrase with an ad-phrase attached:
lali ui
(19) lali
"da.RI
small
ui.
"wi
lol
‘to be small
(lol)’ / ‘lmao
It’s tiny!’
tici
i
niclu apa
(20) tici
"ti.ci
VP.speak
i
"çi
AP.from
niclu
"bi.klU
NP.mouth
apa.
"ha.p@
1
‘said from my mouth’ / ‘It’s spoken by
my mouth.’
Predicate phrases may consist of a verb phrase on its own, or a verb
phrase with a noun phrase attached to it to specify one of the roles of
noun in the event in some way. The noun is a typically an agent, stimulus,
or force of the verb phrase its attached to, but some verb’s denitions
may ignore this pattern. This noun is referred to as the object:
picla pacancala
(21) picla
"pi.kl@
damage
pacancala.
"pa.k˘aN.k@.R@
1.IMP
‘that you must break’ / ‘Break it!’
6.3. GRAMMAR 35
cila
caitican apa
pa apa
(22) cila
"ci.R@
VP.want
caitican
"kaj.ti.k˘am
NP.NP.ConP.cat
apa
"ha.p@
1
pa
"pa
and
apa.
"ha.p@
1
‘wanted by my cat and me’ / ‘Me and my cat want it.’
6.3.5 Ad-phrases
Prepositions, Adverbs, and ad-phrases modify the fundamental meanings
of other phrases. Rather than specifying or clarifying which one of the
possibilities you meant, they instead alter the meaning of the words
themselves. Consider the word “fake” in English, “fake house” does not
refer to a house, the word “fake” alters the meaning itself rather than
specifying details about the house as “red house” does. This does not
mean that it always fundamentally changes the meaning as “fake” does;
some prepositions nearly add small semantic changes like “to,” “at,” or
“from” do in English.
Similar to verb and predicate phrases, adverbial-phrases may consist
of a single word if it is an adverb, or a smaller adverbial phrase with an
ad-phrase attached; prepositional phrases may consist of a single word if
it is a preposition, or a smaller prepositional phrase with an ad-phrase
attached, and ad-phrases may consist of either a prepositional phrase
with an object attached (the noun’s role is specied by the denition of
the preposition), or a adverbial phrase without one:
ni ta
(23) ni
"bi
AP.at
ta.
"ta
3
‘at it’ /
‘It goes
towards
them.’
cila
caitican apa
pa apa
(24) cila
"ci.R@
VP.want
caitican
"kaj.ti.k˘am
NP.NP.ConP.cat
apa
"ha.p@
1
pa
"pa
and
apa.
"ha.p@
1
‘wanted by my cat and me’ / ‘Me and my cat
want it.’ REPLACE THIS
36 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
6.3.6 interjections
interjections provide meta-lingustic information about the the situtation.
That may be what is happening to the speaker, listener, what is being
talked about, or the way things are being said. Typically interjections are
paired with their opposites by the presence or absence of “na” as the nal
syllable. so even if you do not know the meanings of “nia” and “niana”,
it is safe to assume they are antonyms.
(25) ui.
"wi
amusment
‘lol.’
(26) iana.
"ja.b@
NEG.understanding
‘I don’t understand.’
6.3.7 Special Structures
Experimentation and research is ongoing for other special structures for
Pantluci to handle the current holes in the language such as indirect
questions
Conjunctions
Conjunctions connect multiple nodes into single conceputal groups
like English’s “and” or “or.” Conjunctions in Pantluci must be used in a
very specic structure, where a conjunction joins two phrases of the same
type, and the result is a phrase of that type, or part of it may be used as
the root in order to act as a correction or clarication:
X
conjunction X
conjunction X
pila
pi natta
(27) pila
"pi.R@
VP.cute
pi
"pi
ConP.and
natta.
"ba.st@
fun
‘cute and fun’ / ‘It is sweet an
amusing.’
tlitalui paca
(28) tlitalui
"tì
<
i.t@.Roj
ConP.only-if
paca.
"pa.k@
2
‘only if you’ / ‘Sure,
but only if you are.’
6.4. COMPOUNDING 37
Abstractions
Abstractions convert a node from a functional grammatical structure
into a noun. The semantics of this transformation depends on the abstrac-
tion used. The common factor however is that the semantics of the node
pre-transformation is treated like a root. For example “lani,” meaning
“word” on its own, turns nodes into quotes, while “lanu,” meaning “event”
on its own, turns nodes into events where the embedded clause happens.
abstraction X
lunu
ti
linla apa
picla
(puaia)
lini
lacin pacancala
(29) lunu
"du.bU
NP.Abst.VP.event
picla
"pi.kl@
NP.break
puaia
"pû
Ţ
aj.@
metaphor
ti
"ti
NP.3
lini
"di.bI
VP.word
linla
"din.d@
VP.battle
apa
"ha.p@
1
lacin
"da.c˘ım
look
pacancala.
"pa.k˘aN.k@.R@
2.IMP
‘My ght with it was (metaphorically) broken by the phrase
“look!”’
6.4 Compounding
6.4.1 Loaning
(including self loaning) loans can have letters added or removed based on
commonness apaplca => apaca
try to remove syllabic consonants
6.4.2 Joining
Content words can take on a concatenation form by removing the rst
vowel and making the coda syllabic. If there was no coda, insert a
syllabic /d/ as the nucleus instead. These concatenative forms take only
weak stress. The following sections describe the most common types of
compounds.
38 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
Nouns The typical subject of a verb can be derived from “ta” followed
by the verb, like English’s “paint” becoming “painter”.
EXAMPLE
Similarly the typical object of a verb can be derived from the verb followed
by “a”, like English’s “train” becoming “trainee”.
EXAMPLE
The typical thing that would ll a certain preposition for a verb can be
derived via the preposition followed by the verb, for example Pantluci’s
“aaaaa” (I cannot think of a similar process in English).
EXAMPLE
endocentric compounds aka noun + verb
Verbalization “la” + noun
Passivization “la” + verb
incorporation verb + noun
6.4.3 Numbers
tcan = bijective base ve where digits are CV syllables, tcan gets inserted
every 3 digits from the right except initally and always nally 1 = tcan,
0= what would be 1
a tcn=3+
pa tcn=0 (1)
tcn=1 () ta tcn=2 ca tcn=3 na tcn=4 lan tcn=5
pa pl tcn=6 (11) pa tl tcn=7 (12) pa cl tcn=8 (13) pa nl tcn=9 (14)
pa ln tcn=10 (15)
ta pl tcn=11 (21) ta tl tcn=12 (22) ta cl tcn=13 (23) ta nl tcn=14
(24) ta ln tcn=15 (25)
6.5 Sample
6.6. DICTIONARY 39
6.6 Dictionary
Dictionary forms are shown with 0 preceding nodes.
Vowel Initial
a (["ha]) Pro.
I, me, we, us (exclusive)
§ aaaaaaaa
my, our (exclusive), we own
because of object
§ aaaaaaaa
used to nominalize
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “I”/“a”/“-er”
aa(a...) (["ha.h@(.h@...)]) Interj.
amusement, joking, happiness,
humor
§ aaaaaaaa
onomatopoeia
aca (["ha.k@]) Adv.
west, westward, western
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “west”
tok: “ñ”
jbo: “vu’a”
acna (["ha.k’b@]) adverb
future, will, to-be
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “gonna”
tok: “µ”
jbo: “ba”
ala (["ha.R@]) Pro.
everything
§ aaaaaaaa
all, every, each
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “all”
tok: “£”
jbo: “ro”
alanu (["ha.Ra.bU]) Verb
subject is blue
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “blue”
tok: “”
jbo: “blanu”
alain (["ha.Rajm]) Verb
subject is loved by, wished the
best by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “adore”
tok: “ä”
jbo: “prami”
alau (["ha.Raw]) Verb
subject is yellow
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “yellow”
tok: “±”
jbo: “pelxu”
40 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
alin (["ha.R˘Im]) Verb
subject is white, pale-colored,
light
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “white”
tok: “đ”
jbo: “blabi”
alu (["ha.RU]) Conj.
one or the other, or both
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “or”
tok: “
¦
”
jbo: “ja”
an (["h˘am]) Conj.
and, both things
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “and”
tok: “©”
jbo: “e”
ana (["ha.b@]) Adv.
subject is false, fake, not true
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “na’e”
tok: “¡”
jbo: “nah”
anta (["h˘an.t@]) Verb
subject is wanted, desired by
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “want”
tok: “Ė”
jbo: “pacna”
antina (["han.tI.b@]) Adv.
why, because of what
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “why”
tok: “Ćø”
jbo: “mu’i ma”
ata (["ha.t@]) Adv.
east, eastward, eastern
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “east”
tok: “ñ”
jbo: “du’a”
atia (["ha.tS
<
j@]) Prep.
subject is like, similar, akin to
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “akin”
tok: “õ”
jbo: “si’a”
atu (["ha.tU]) Prep.
subject is because of object,
object therefore subject
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “so”
tok: “Ć”
jbo: “ki’u”
C
ca (["ka]) Adv.
subject is genuie, real, actual,
bona-de, happening
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “yeah”
tok: “Ë”
jbo: “go’i”
6.6. DICTIONARY 41
cala (["ka.R@]) Verb
subject is red, crimson
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “gules”
tok: “Ê”
jbo: “xunre”
calai (["ka.Raj]) Verb
subject is grey, desaturated
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “grey”
tok: “đ”
jbo: “grusi”
calitulu (["ka.RI.tU.RU]) Verb
subject separates, detaches, un-
dergoes mitosis
§ aaaaaaaa
jpn: “解離する”
can (["k˘am]) Verb
subject is able, capable of, can
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “can”
tok: “·”
jbo: “ka’e”
cana (["ka.b@]) Verb
subject goes, is moved by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “went”
tok: “Ĉ”
jbo: “ka’a”
canaia (["ka.baj.h@]) Verb
subject is gotten, taken, had by
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “get”
tok: “µ²”
jbo: “lebna”
canaii (["ka.baj.çI]) Verb
subject is cute, pure, kind, sweet,
lovable
§ aaaaaaaa
jpn: “可愛い”
canau (["ka.baw]) Pro.
you, y’all (command)
§ aaaaaaaa
your, you own because of object
(command)
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “can you”
tok: “ýã”
jbo: “ko”
cancli (["k˘aN.kli]) Noun
concrete, something utilitarian,
functional, synthetic
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “concrete”
canla (["k˘an.d@]) Verb
subject is good, healthy, great
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “well”
tok: “ó”
jbo: “kanro”
42 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
canli (["k˘an.dI]) Adv
hypothetical, would be
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “would”
tok: “·À”
jbo: “da’i”
cantu (["k˘an.tU]) Noun
type, avor, sort, gender, species,
genre
§ aaaaaaaa
ine-pro: “*ǵénh
1
os”
caplai (["ka.plaj]) Verb
subject is queer, lgbtq+,
polyamorous
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “queer”
tok: “½”
jbo: “sorpa’i”
cnani (["k’ba.bI]) Verb
subject is the meaning, essence
of, meant by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “mean”
tok: “¼”
jbo: “smuni”
L
la (["da]) Verb
subject is equal, equivalent to,
one of, the same as object
§ aaaaaaaa
used to passivize
§ aaaaaaaa
used to verbalize
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “be”
tok: “Æ”
jbo: “du”
la l (["da ô
"
]) Noun
something, stu (separate
thing/stu from ta ll)
§ aaaaaaaa
la + ta
lacni (["da.k’bI) Noun
stone, rock
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “rock”
tok: “º”
jbo: “rokci”
lacta (["da.kT@) Verb
subject is seen, looked at, ob-
served
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “look at”
tok: “Í”
jbo: “viska”
6.6. DICTIONARY 43
lali (["da.RI]) Noun
an act of labor, work, a job
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “labor”
tok: “è”
jbo: “jibri”
lan (["d˘am]) Prep.
subject is there, true in, on, at, if,
while, when object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “on”
tok: “Ë”
jbo: “ca”
lana (["da.b@]) Verb
subject is known, understood by
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “know”
tok: “Ā”
jbo: “du’o”
lanu (["da.bU]) Noun
event, happening, occurrence
§ aaaaaaaa
Abstraction
the event where the embded
clause happened
§ aaaaaaaa
jbo: “lo nu”
N
na (["ba]) Pro.
we, us (inclusive)
§ aaaaaaaa
our (inclusive), we own because
of object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “we”
tok: “Ó”
jbo: “mi’o”
nacli (["ba.clI) Noun
girl, woman, lady, ma’am
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “girl”
tok: “Ò”
jbo: “nixli”
nacli llain (["ba.clI ô
"
.dajm ) Noun
girlfreind, wife
§ aaaaaaaa
nacli + alain
nala (["ba.R@]) Adv.
north, northward, northern
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “north”
tok: “Å”
jbo: “be’a”
nalinta (["ba.R˘un.t@]) Verb
subject is magenta, metaphori-
cally non-spectral
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “magenta”
tok: “Ê”
jbo: “nukni”
44 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
naluna (["ba.RU.b@]) Verb
subject is brown, earthy-colored
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “brown”
tok: “±Ï”
jbo: “bunre”
nan (["b˘am]) Adv.
current, now, present
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “now”
tok: “à”
jbo: “ca”
nania (["ba.bj@) Noun
boy, man, guy, sir
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “boy”
tok: “Ô”
jbo: “nanla”
nania llain (["ba.bj@ ô
"
.dajm )
Noun
boyfreind, husband
§ aaaaaaaa
nania + alain
nanii (["ba.bji) Noun
ear, frame, border
§ aaaaaaaa
jpn: “耳”
nanitu (["ba.bI.tU) Noun
bone, shell
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “bone”
tok: “é”
jbo: “bongu”
nanti (["b˘an.tI]) Noun
enby, genderqueer, nonbinary
person
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “enby”
tok: “ĝ”
jbo: “vepre”
nanti llain (["b˘an.tI ô
"
.dajm )
Noun
(nonbinary) romantic partner,
spouse
§ aaaaaaaa
nanti + alain
naplu (["ba.plU]) Verb
subject is orange, copper-color
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “copper”
tok: “±”
jbo: “narju”
natlu (["ba.tì
<
U]) Verb
subject is needed, required by
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “need”
tok: “Ė”
jbo: “nitcu”
natu (["ba.tU]) Adv.
more, extra, very
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “most”
tok: “Û”
jbo: “bancu”
nia (["bja]) Interj.
emphasis, focus, conrmation
§ aaaaaaaa
jpn: “にゃあ”
6.6. DICTIONARY 45
P
pancu (["paN.kU]) Verb
subject is pink
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “pink”
tok: “Ê”
jbo: “penku”
pani (["pa.bI]) Adv.
past, was, back-then
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “then”
tok: “ï”
jbo: “pu”
panila (["pa.bI.R@]) Verb
subject is black, dark
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “sable”
tok: “î”
jbo: “xekri”
panti (["p˘an.tI]) Verb
subject is owned, had, posessed
by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “have”
tok: “²”
jbo: “ponse”
pantluci (["p˘an.tì
<
U.ci]) Noun
the language described by this
book and related oshoots
§ aaaaaaaa
a priori pangram
panu (["pa.bU]) Noun
person, someone, sapient, sen-
tience, consciousness
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “people”
tok: “°”
jbo: “prenu”
pati
(
["pa.tI]
)
Verb
subject is small, little, young
§ aaaaaaaa
fra: “petit”
patni (["pa.snI]) Verb
subject is thoughtful, thinks of,
about object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “think”
tok: “í”
jbo: “pensi”
pla (["pla]) Prep.
subject uses, is done using, is
helped by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “for”
tok: “”
jbo: “pi’o”
plalia (["pla.RI.h@]) Verb
subject is lime, light green
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “lime”
tok: “”
jbo: “pelri’o”
platii (["pla.
>
tSji]) Adv.
subject is a soft toy, a plush
representation of subject
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “plushie”
46 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
T
ta (["ta]) Pro.
they, it, he, she
§ aaaaaaaa
their, its, his, her, they own
because of object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “she”
tok: “à”
jbo: “ti”
ta ll (["ta dl
"
]) Noun
something, stu (separate
thing/stu from la l)
§ aaaaaaaa
ta + la
ta tllpi tl (["ta zdl
"
.pI tô
"
"]) Noun
autotroph
§ aaaaaaaa
ta + tlapi + ta
taci (["ta.ci]) Verb
subject is said, claimed by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “say”
tok: “ċ”
jbo: “cusku”
tacai (["ta.kaj]) Noun
disorder, illness, disability
§ aaaaaaaa
jpn: “障害”
tacti (["ta.kTI]) Verb
subject is talked, spoken about
by object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “talk”
tok: “ċ”
jbo: “ciksi”
tala (["ta.R@]) Pro.
you, y’all
§ aaaaaaaa
your, you own because of object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “y’all”
tok: “ý”
jbo: “do”
talani (["ta.R@.bI) Noun
cat, feline, kitten
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “feline”
tok: “ā”
jbo: “tirxu”
talapu (["ta.R@.pU]) Verb
subject is purple
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “purple”
tok: “”
jbo: “zirpu”
talici (["ta.RI.ci) Noun
dog, puppy, hound, canine, wolf,
fox
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “bark”
tok: “ā”
jbo: “lorxu”
6.6. DICTIONARY 47
talin (["ta.R˘Im) Noun
computer, computational device,
calculator
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “Turing”
talua (["ta.dwa]) Prep.
subject is directed, going to, at
object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “towards”
tok: “Ĉ”
jbo: “farna”
tan (["t˘am]) Prep.
subject is from, of object
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “of”
tok: “Ć”
jbo: “zei”
tana (["ta.b@]) Pro
what thing, nominal question
§ aaaaaaaa
questions ”which/what thing”
about the subject
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “what”
tok: “ø”
jbo: “ma”
tanla (["t˘an.d@]) Verb
subject is wet, lled, covered with
water
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “water”
tok: “ĉ”
jbo: “cilmo”
tani (["ta.bI]) Noun
language
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “lang”
tok: “ċ”
jbo: “bau”
tanpi (["t˘am.pI]) Noun
time
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “time”
tok: “Ċ”
jbo: “temci”
tantaculun (["t˘an.t@.kU.R˘Um])
Noun
tentacle
§ aaaaaaaa
lat: “tentaculum”
tapa (["ta.p@]) Noun
sturdy at horizontal surface
§ aaaaaaaa
tok: “Ą”
tata (["ta.t@]) Adv.
some, an amount
§ aaaaaaaa
there are some, a few of the
subject
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “some”
tok: “Û”
jbo: “su’o”
tatan (["ta.t˘am]) Verb
subject is cyan
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “cyan”
tok: “”
jbo: “cicna”
48 CHAPTER 6. PANTLUCI
tatapanian (["ta.t@.p@.bj@m] )
Verb
subject is cosplayed, roleplayed
by object
§ aaaaaaaa
cmn: “角色扮演”
tatu (["ta.tU]) Adv.
south, southward, southern
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “south”
tok: “ö”
jbo: “ne’u”
tlana (["zda.b@]) Verb
subject is green
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “green”
tok: “”
jbo: “crino”
tlapa (["zda.p@]) Verb
subject is asleep, resting, dor-
mant
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “sleep”
tok: “Á”
jbo: “sipna”
tlapi (["zda.pI]) Verb
subject is fed, nourished by, eats
object
§ aaaaaaaa
grc: “τροφή”
tlalu (["zda.RU]) Noun
blood, vital uid
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “blood”
tok: “Ê”
jbo: “ciblu”
tnani (["sna.bI]) Noun
word, term, name
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “name”
tok: “á”
jbo: “cmene”
ttani (["sta.bI]) Noun
wood, lumber, structural plant-
matter
§ aaaaaaaa
eng: “trunk”
tok: “¶”
jbo: “stani”
